Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism , Coronavirus Infections/metabolism , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Severity of Illness Index , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Asymptomatic Diseases , Pandemics , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunity, InnateSubject(s)
Humans , Allergy and Immunology , Histocompatibility , Immunity , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoglobulins , MethodsABSTRACT
In this retrospective study, 47 patients with clinical diagnosis of central nervous system metastases of breast cancer were evaluated by computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patients were divided in 2 groups: 1, without leptomeningeal neoplasm and 2, with leptomeningeal neoplasm. In the group 2, the time interval between the primary disease and the central nervous system metastasis as well as the survival time were shorter than in group 1 (40 and 4.3 months in group 2 versus 57 and 10 months respectively, in group 1). In both groups the most common neurological symptons and signs were intracranial hypertension and motor deficits. The most sensitive diagnostic methods were CT and MRI in group 1, and the CSF examination in group 2. The use of the tumor markers CEA and CA-15.3 in the routine examination of CSF showed promissing results, mainly in leptomeningeal forms.